Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important immune system messenger that plays a role in inflammation and infection. It is produced by different cells in the body, for example, white blood cells, fat cells or muscle cells. IL-6 can have different effects depending on which receptors it binds to and which signalling pathways it activates. Some of these effects are useful for defence against pathogens, but others can be harmful and lead to chronic inflammation or autoimmune diseases.

IL-6, for example, is involved in the regulation of body temperature and can induce fever to inhibit the multiplication of viruses or bacteria. It also promotes the formation of antibodies that are specifically directed against invaders. It also stimulates the production of acute-phase proteins in the liver, which also help fight infections.

However, too much IL-6 can also have negative consequences. For example, it can increase blood clotting and increase the risk of thrombosis or stroke. It can also reduce the cells' sensitivity to insulin, leading to diabetes or obesity. In addition, it can increase the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, triggering a vicious cycle that leads to an exaggerated immune response. This can lead to a life-threatening condition in severe infections such as Covid-19 or in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease.

IL-6 is therefore a versatile and complex messenger that can have both positive and negative effects on the body. It is important to keep its levels in balance and avoid excessive or chronic activation. To do this, drugs can be used that block IL-6 or its receptors, thus weakening its effect. These drugs can help with certain diseases, but must also be used with caution, as they can suppress the immune system and increase the risk of infections.

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